As your athlete grows, playing more than one sport is likely the better option for your child.

What is sports specialization?

Specialization is intensive training or competition in a single organized sport for more than eight months a year by children 12 years old and younger.

According to the sports medicine specialists at Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, kids who specialize in playing one sport early on have an increased risk of overuse injuries from intense training. They're also more likely to experience burnout from playing the same sport every season or stress from playing too often.

Kids who are multisport athletes, as opposed to kids who have specialized in one sport, have an opportunity to use and strengthen different muscle groups, which lowers their risk for injury. Studies have shown playing multiple sports also improves kids’ speed and agility. Plus, the exposure to different teammates, coaches and play can help keep kids from getting bored with the same routine.

To keep kids and teens active in sports while preventing and avoiding unnecessary injury or burnout, Children’s Sports Medicine team recommends following these tips.

1. Take time off each week. One to two days off each week from playing or practicing for a sport can decrease the chance of injuries.
2. Encourage free play and limit parental involvement. Kids enjoy playing with friends and will enjoy exercising more if they are in charge of teams, rules and schedules. It can also help kids develop their skills.
3. Play a variety of sports. Participating in multiple sports throughout the year until your child reaches puberty decreases the chance of injuries, stress and burnout.
4. Play on just one team each season. Participating in more than one sport at a time could result in your child sustaining an overuse injury more easily.
5. Take time off between sports seasons. Take one month off from a sport at least three times each year to allow for physical and psychological recovery.
6. Delay focusing on one sport. Postponing specialization in a single sport until late adolescence may improve a child’s chances of accomplishing his athletic goals as an elite athlete. It can also make him more likely to enjoy a lifetime of sports involvement and physical fitness.

If a child is repeatedly participating in just one sport—training intensely and competing while their body is still growing and developing—it doesn’t allow their body enough time to recover between resting and playing.

“A young, growing athlete is very susceptible to overuse issues with a lack of variety in their activities. They need just as much, if not more, time to recover from repetitive overuse,” explains Stephen Kroll Jr., MD, a pediatric sports medicine primary care physician in the Sports Medicine Program at Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta.

Dr. Kroll shares that his team is seeing more and more overuse injuries in children and teens as a result of early sports specialization. These injuries can have a lifetime effect on a child’s game, not to mention the child’s quality of life.

What is an overuse injury?

An overuse injury is damage to a bone, muscle, ligament or tendon that occurs over time, usually from improper training or technique when a child is performing repetitive motions.

"The new trend of early specialization in sports at a younger age has led to a huge increase in these overuse injuries and athlete burnout,” says Dr. Kroll. “Young bones are more susceptible to overuse injuries than fully developed bones."

According to a study conducted by the University of Wisconsin, 46% of growing athletes who specialized in a single sport suffered a lower-body injury, nearly twice the 24% rate for kids who played multiple sports while they were still growing.

“It is well documented that every athlete—regardless of the sport or position they play—needs to take at least three to four months off a year from playing a single sport to help reduce stresses,” says Dr. Kroll. “However, that doesn’t mean your child needs to be inactive. Allow him to participate in a variety of sports throughout the year. This can be a form of cross-training that naturally enhances his performance in each individual sport.

Cross-training may help growing athletes understand the importance of physical activities, providing a greater chance of excelling in a single sport when they’re a little older or increasing the chance that they will grow up enjoying sports and physical activity for the rest of their lives.

When your athlete is injured in practice or competition, getting the right diagnosis and initiating proper care and treatment as quickly as possible is key.

“If your child or teen suffers an injury, it matters who takes care of that injury,” says Dr. Kroll. “A growing athlete’s anatomy and physiology is quite different than that of an adult’s. A specialist trained in understanding these differences is key to not only proper diagnosis, but the ultimate treatment plan and recovery. Children’s is committed to short-term recovery and a child’s long-term safety, as well as injury prevention.”

The pediatric sports medicine primary care physicians at Children’s provide comprehensive evaluations for a wide range of injuries and conditions that affect growing athletes, from soccer players and gymnasts to swimmers, dancers and cheerleaders.