“When it comes to treating fractures in children, it’s important to remember kids are not just small adults. Kid bones differ from adult bones in significant ways, which affects the type of care they need to heal properly,” says Jill C. Flanagan, MD, a Pediatric Orthopedic Surgeon at Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta. The orthopedic and radiology teams at Children’s are made up of medical providers who specialize in recognizing and treating broken bones in growing kids and teens.

Here are some ways kid and teen bones are different from adult bones and reasons why seeing a pediatric orthopedic specialist matters:

1. Babies have more bones than adults.
2. Children’s bones are continuously growing.
3. Kids’ bones are more flexible than adults’ bones.
4. Children heal faster than adults and can remodel or reshape their bones.
5. Children are often more active than adults.
6. Children’s bones are smaller than adults’ bones.

When babies are first born, some of their “bones” are actually made up of a flexible cartilage (a firm tissue softer than bone). As the child grows, some of the cartilage hardens and turns to bone, and some bones fuse together.

Your child’s bones won’t stop growing until her late teens or early 20s. This is both an advantage and a disadvantage. As a child’s bone grows, it is likely to remodel and realign itself. This means if a broken bone is crooked, it can straighten itself out over time. On the other hand, if a break occurs in the growth region at the end of a bone, also called the growth plate, or physis, it may affect normal growth and cause significant deformity of the limb. A pediatric orthopedic specialist is trained to recognize and care for these types of injuries.

An adult’s bones are harder, more brittle and more likely to break than bend. A child’s bones are more flexible because their chemical composition is different from that of adult bones. This means a kid’s bone might bend or “bow” instead of breaking. Bent bones can actually be harder to treat than broken bones, but pediatric orthopedic specialists are trained to treat this type of bone injury, too.

Pediatric orthopedic specialists can often treat kids’ fractures with a cast and avoid surgery. Because kids’ bones heal more rapidly and many of the orthopedic devices and braces used to treat broken bones don’t fit kids very well, the pediatric orthopedic specialists at Children’s use techniques and devices designed for growing bones. This often means less time in a cast or splint and fewer surgeries than for an adult.

After your child breaks a bone, her emotional care can be just as important as the physical care she receives. A pediatric orthopedic specialist understands the whole kid—like how scary it can be to put on or remove a cast or how sad it can feel to not be able to play a favorite sport for a short time—and can help your child feel at ease as her broken bone heals.